Publications

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  Digital Pixel Sensor

• S. Kleinfelder, S.H. Lim, X.Q. Liu and A. El Gamal A 10,000 Frames/s CMOS Digital Pixel Sensor, In IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, Vol.36, No.12, Pages 2049-2059, December 2001.
  
  
• S. Kleinfelder, S.H. Lim, X.Q. Liu and A. El Gamal A 10,000 Frames/s 0.18 um CMOS Digital Pixel Sensor with Pixel-Level Memory, In Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference, pp. 88-89, San Francisco, CA, February 2001. (Presentation)
  
  
• B. Wandell, P. Catrysse, J. DiCarlo, D. Yang and A. El Gamal Multiple Capture Single Image Architecture with a CMOS Sensor , In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Multispectral Imaging and Color Reproduction for Digital Archives, pp. 11-17, Chiba, Japan, October 21-22 1999. (Society of Multispectral Imaging of Japan.)
  
  
• D. Yang, A. El Gamal, B. Fowler, and H. Tian A 640x512 CMOS Image Sensor with Ultrawide Dynamic Range Floating-Point Pixel-Level ADC, In IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, Vol.34, No.12, Pages 1821-1834, December 1999.



• D. Yang, B. Fowler, and A. El Gamal, A Nyquist Rate Pixel Level ADC for CMOS Image Sensors, In IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, Vol.34, No.3, Pages 348-356, March 1999.



• D. Yang, A. El Gamal, B. Fowler, and H. Tian, A 640x512 CMOS Image Sensor with Ultra Wide Dynamic Range Floating-Point Pixel-Level ADC, In Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference, pp. 308-309, San Francisco, CA, February 1999. (Presentation)
  
  
• A. El Gamal, D. Yang, and B. Fowler, Pixel Level Processing -- Why, What and How?, In Proceedings of the SPIE Electronic Imaging '99 conference, Volume 3650, January 1999. (Presentation)



• D. Yang, B. Fowler, and A. El Gamal, A Nyquist Rate Pixel Level ADC for CMOS Image Sensors, In Proceedings of IEEE 1998 Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, pp.237-240, Santa Clara, CA May 1998. (Presentation)



• B. Fowler, A. El Gamal, and D. Yang, Techniques for pixel-level analog-to-digital conversion, In Proceedings of SPIE, Infrared Readout Electronics IV, pp. 2--12, Vol. 3360, Orlando, April 1998. (Presentation)



• D. Yang, B. Fowler, and A. El Gamal, A 128x128 Pixel CMOS Area Image Sensor with Multiplexed Pixel Level A/D Conversion, In IEEE 1996 Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, San Diego, CA, May 1996.



• B. Fowler, D. Yang, and A. El Gamal, CMOS FPA with Multiplexed Pixel Level ADC, At 1995 IEEE Workshop on Charge-Coupled Devices and Advanced Image Sensors, Dana Point, CA, April 20-22, 1995.



• B. Fowler, A. El Gamal, and D. Yang, A CMOS Area Image Sensor with Pixel-Level A/D Conversion, In 1994 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference, Paper TP 13.5, pp. 226 and 227, February 16-18, 1994.

  Image Sensor Analysis and Characterization

• K. Salama and A. El Gamal, Analysis of APS Circuit Delay, In IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I (TCASI), Pages 941-944, 50, 7, July 2003.



• A. El Gamal, Trends in CMOS Image Sensor Technology and Design, In A, IEDM 2002, December 2002.



• P. Catrysse and B. Wandell, Optical efficiency of image sensor pixels, In Journal of the Optical Society of America A, vol. 19, Pages 1610-1620, 2002.



• P. Catrysse and B. Wandell and A. El Gamal, An integrated color pixel in 0.18um CMOS technology, In 2001 IEDM Technical Digest, Pages 24.4.1-24.4.4.



• H. Tian and A. El Gamal, Analysis of 1/f Noise in Switched MOSFET Circuits, In IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, Vol.48, No.2, Pages 151-157, February 2001.



• H. Tian, B. Fowler, and A. El Gamal, Analysis of Temporal Noise in CMOS Photodiode Active Pixel Sensor, In IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, Vol.36, No.1, Pages 92-101, January 2001.



• H. Tian, X.Q. Liu, S.H. Lim, S. Kleinfelder and A. El Gamal, Active Pixel Sensors Fabricated in a Standard 0.18 um CMOS Technology, In Proceedings of the SPIE Electronic Imaging '2001 conference, Vol. 4306, San Jose, CA, January 2001. (Presentation)



• T. Chen, P. Catrysse, A. El Gamal, and B. Wandell, How Small Should Pixel Size Be?, In Proceedings of the SPIE Electronic Imaging '2000 conference, Vol. 3965, San Jose, CA, January 2000. (Presentation)



• H. Tian and A. El Gamal, Analysis of 1/f Noise in CMOS APS, In Proceedings of the SPIE Electronic Imaging '2000 conference, Vol. 3965, San Jose, CA, January 2000. (Presentation)



• X. Liu, P. Catrysse, and A. El Gamal, QE Reduction due to Pixel Vignetting in CMOS Image Sensors, In Proceedings of the SPIE Electronic Imaging '2000 conference, Vol. 3965, San Jose, CA, January 2000. (Presentation)



• D. Yang, H. Tian, B. Fowler, X. Liu, and A. El Gamal, Characterization of CMOS Image Sensors with Nyquist Rate Pixel level ADC, In Proceedings of the SPIE Electronic Imaging '99 conference, Vol. 3650, San Jose, CA, January 1999. (Presentation)



• H. Tian, B. Fowler, and A. El Gamal, Analysis of Temporal Noise in CMOS APS, In Proceedings of the SPIE Electronic Imaging '99 conference, Volume 3649, January 1999. (Presentation)



• D. Yang, and A. El Gamal, Comparative Analysis of SNR for Image Sensors with Enhanced Dynamic Range, In Proceedings of the SPIE Electronic Imaging '99 conference, Vol. 3649, San Jose, CA, January 1999. (Presentation)



• B. Fowler, A. El Gamal, D. Yang, and H. Tian, A Method for Estimating Quantum Efficiency for CMOS Image Sensors, In Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 3301, pp. 178-185, April 1998.



• A. El Gamal, B. Fowler, H. Min, and X. Liu, Modeling and Estimation of FPN Components in CMOS Image Sensors, In Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 3301, pp. 168-177, April 1998.



• B. Fowler, D. Yang, H. Min, and A. El Gamal, Single Pixel Test Structures for Characterization and Comparative Analysis of CMOS Image Sensors, At 1997 IEEE Workshop on Charge Coupled Devices , Brugge, Belgium, June 1997.



• D. Yang, H. Min, B. Fowler, A. El Gamal, M. Beiley, and K. Cham, Test Structures for Characterization and Comparative Analysis of CMOS Image Sensors, In Proceedings of Advanced Focal Plane Array European Conference, Berlin, Germany, October 1996.

  High Speed Image Sensor Applications

• X.Q. Liu and Abbas El Gamal, Synthesis of High Dynamic Range Motion Blur Free Image From Multiple Captures, In IEEE Transactions on circuits and systems (TCASI), VOL. 50, NO. 4, pp 530-539, APRIL 2003



• A. O. Ercan and F. Xiao and X.Q. Liu and S.H. Lim and A. El Gamal and B. Wandell, Experimental High Speed CMOS Image Sensor System and Applications, In Proceedings of IEEE Sensors 2002, p.p. 15-20, Orlando, FL, June 2002. (Presentation)



• X.Q. Liu and A. El Gamal, Photocurrent Estimation for a Self-Reset CMOS Digital Pixel Sensor, In Proceedings of the SPIE Electronic Imaging'2002 Conference, Vol. 4669, San Jose, CA, January 2002. (Presentation)



• T. Chen and A. El Gamal, Optimal Scheduling of Capture Times for a Multiple Capture Imaging System, In Proceedings of the SPIE Electronic Imaging'2002 Conference, Vol. 4669, San Jose, CA, January 2002. (Presentation)



• S.H. Lim and A. El Gamal, Gain FPN Correction via Optical Flow, In Proceedings of the SPIE Electronic Imaging'2002 Conference, Vol. 4669, San Jose, CA, January 2002. (Presentation)



• S.H. Lim and A. El Gamal, Optical Flow Estimation using High Frame Rate Sequences, In Proceedings of the 2001 International Conference on Image Processing, v.2, p.925-928, Thessaloniki, Greece, October 2001. (Presentation)



• X.Q. Liu and A. El Gamal, Simultaneous Image Formation and Motion Blur Restoration via Multiple Capture, In ICASSP'2001 conference, Salt Lake City, Utah, May 2001. (Presentation)



• X.Q. Liu and A. El Gamal, Photocurrent Estimation from Multiple Non-destructive Samples in a CMOS Image Sensor, In Proceedings of the SPIE Electronic Imaging '2001 conference, Vol. 4306, San Jose, CA, January 2001. (Presentation)



• S.H. Lim and A. El Gamal, Integrating Image Capture and Processing -- Beyond Single Chip Digital Camera, In Proceedings of the SPIE Electronic Imaging '2001 conference, Vol. 4306, San Jose, CA, January 2001.

  Imaging Algorithms

• H. Eltoukhy and S. Kavusi, A Computationally Efficient Algorithm for Multi-Focus Image Reconstruction, In Proceedings of SPIE Electronic imaging, June 2003.



• F. Xiao, J. DiCarlo, P. Catrysse and B. Wandell, Image Analysis using Modulated Light Sources, In Proceedings of the SPIE Electronic Imaging '2001 conference, Vol. 4306, San Jose, CA, January 2001.



• M. Gupta and T. Chen, Vector Color Filter Array Demosaicing, In Proceedings of the SPIE Electronic Imaging '2001 conference, Vol. 4306, San Jose, CA, January 2001.



• Wandell and Silverstein, Digital Color Reproduction, (in press) To appear in The Science of Color 2nd edition,, ed. Shevell, published by the Optical Society of America.



• S. Tominaga, S. Ebisui, and B. A. Wandell, Scene illuminant classification: brighter is better click here to see { Color figures } . In Journal of the Optical Society of America, A, vol 18., no. 1 pp. 55-64. 2001.



• J. DiCarlo and B. Wandell, Illuminant Estimation: Beyond the Bases, In Eighth Color Imaging Conference: Color Science, Systems, and Applications, p.p. 91-96, 2000.



• Wandell, Color Appearance and the Digital Imaging Pipeline In International Conference on Pattern Recognition. Barcelona, Spain, 2000.



• J. DiCarlo and B. Wandell, Rendering High Dynamic Range Images, In Proceedings of the SPIE Electronic Imaging '2000 conference, Vol. 3965, p.p. 392-401, San Jose, CA, January 2000.



• Farrell, Saunders, Cuppitt, Wandell, Estimating Spectral Reflectance of Digital Artwork, In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Multispectral Imaging and Color Reproduction for Digital Archives , pp. 58-64. Chiba, Japan, October 21-22, 1999 (Society of Multispectral Imaging of Japan.)



• P. Catrysse, El Gamal, and B. Wandell, Color architectures for CMOS sensor imaging, In Proceedings of the SPIE Electronic Imaging '99 conference, Vol. 3650, San Jose, CA, January 1999.



• B. Fowler, R. Arps, A. El Gamal, and D. Yang, Quadtree Based JBIG Compression, In Data Compression Conference (DCC `95), Snowbird, UT, March 1995.

  Education

• A. El Gamal, and T. Chen, A Graduate Level Course on Image Sensors and Digital Cameras, In 2001 International Conference on Microelectronic Systems Education (conference best paper award), Las Vegas, NV, June 2001. (Presentation)

  Ph.D Dissertations

• B. Fowler, CMOS Area Image Sensors with Pixel Level A/D Conversion, Ph.D Thesis, Stanford University, CA, 1995.



• D. Yang, Digital Pixel CMOS Image Sensors, Ph.D Thesis, Stanford University, CA, 1999.



• H. Tian, Noise Analysis in CMOS Image Sensors, Ph.D Thesis, Stanford University, CA, 2000.



• S. Kleinfelder, High-Speed CMOS Digital Pixel Sensors, Ph.D Thesis, Stanford University, CA, 2000.



• X.Q. Liu, CMOS Image Sensors Dynamic Range and SNR Enhancement via Statistical Signal Processing , Ph.D Thesis, Stanford University, CA, 2002.



• S.H. Lim, Video processing applications of high speed CMOS image sensors, Ph.D Thesis, Stanford University, CA, 2003.



• T. Chen, Digital camera system simulator and applications, Ph.D Thesis, Stanford University, CA, 2003.

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